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Willa Cather: A Literary Lifeby James Woodress. Lincoln & London: University of Nebraska Press. Watch The 7Th Voyage Of Sinbad Online Gorillavid. This book is dedicated to the community of.

Cather scholars, past and present. PREFACEAlthough forty years have passed since the death of Willa Cather in 1. When she died, her reputation was firmly established as one of the most significant American novelists, and during the succeeding decades her stature has continued to grow. At the time of her death J. Donald Adams wrote in the New York Times that "no American novelist was more purely an artist," and George Whicher declared four years later that "no American writer .

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The absence of a detailed biography is probably due to the traps, pitfalls, and barricades she placed in the biographer's path, and until now sufficient material has not been available to flesh out more than a medium- length life. While no biography ever can be definitive, this study contains a great deal more material than any previous one and goes considerably beyond my own earlier biography, as well as the efforts of others, in presenting a life- size portrait of this remarkable woman. When E. K. Brown's biography of Cather appeared in 1. Alfred Knopf wrote on the jacket: "Here is all the biographical information anyone is likely ever to gather about Willa Cather." Even though he was understandably interested in promoting the sale of Brown's book, he no doubt also thought Cather had been such a private person that biographical data actually was meager. He was wrong, of course, and since Cather died there has been a steady accumulation of material to fuel the ever- growing interest in her life and work. Hundreds of pages of Cather's journalistic writings have been dug from the dusty magazine and newspaper files where they first appeared and republished.

Biographies (Bios are in Alphabetical Order; Click Picture to Enlarge) Barry Abrams Barry Abrams in Saigon, at left, with his good friend, John Mikesch; then Barry in. 1. The Astor Bloodline FDR and Lady Astor - 2 socialists DIFFICULTY IN DETERMINING THE FACTS. ORIGIN OF THE FAMILY & its NAME THE FAMILY IN EUROPE.

All of her stories have been collected, including many she gladly would have expunged from the record if she could have. She left a trail of published interviews and speeches and public statements that surprises anyone who knows only her own pronouncements desiring privacy. Perhaps fifteen hundred of her letters by now have found their way into institutional collections from Maine to California, even though she and Edith Lewis destroyed as many of her letters as they could lay their hands on. Fortunately, correspondents who outlived her had the good sense to realize that Cather belongs to the world and her letters ought to be preserved. It is still impossible to publish or quote from her letters (her will forbids it), but they are available for consultation, and the information they contain is public property. Knopf tried his best to preserve Cather's privacy, but it was difficult.

He said himself at the time of the centennial celebration of her birth in 1. Cather resented the fact that she could not sit on a bench in Central Park without being recognized and accosted by strangers, but all her efforts to keep out of the limelight arid control access to her life have been unsuccessful in keeping biographers off her trail. She certainly made the task of writing her life more difficult; yet she and other writers who have wanted to cover their tracks always have been doomed to failure. Still, one envies the chroniclers of those public figures who carefully saved for posterity the documentation of their lives. The problems that the biographer of Cather has to face, however, are more complicated than merely locating the raw materials for the life. She threw up roadblocks, consciously and unconsciously, to frustrate pursuit.

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During her own lifetime she managed her image rather successfully by writing biographical sketches of herself and telling interviewers what she wanted printed about her. She changed her birth date; she altered details of her life; she exaggerated many events; she revised her opinions. She made no effort to be accurate in recalling facts, and it is hard sometimes to tell where the reality leaves off and the fiction begins. The biographer continually has to separate the fact from the fantasy, and he never can be sure he has succeeded completely. To make matters still more difficult, Lewis's memoir of her friend also tries to manage the image, and one has to use her data with caution.

If he can successfully negotiate the minefields, the biographer of Cather has a great deal of autobiographical fiction to help in his task. She turned her own life and experiences into literature to a degree uncommon among writers. I have used many passages from her fiction to document her life, keeping in mind constantly the need for caution.

There are, fortunately, enough letters and contemporary documents, such as interviews and reminiscences of friends, to corroborate many events in her life that have passed through the crucible of her imagination to emerge in her stories and novels. My notes make it clear when I am working from letters and when I am drawing on her fiction. Sir Isaac Newton in a letter to his rival scientist Robert Hooke wrote in 1. I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants." I feel somewhat the same in writing Cather's biography four decades after her death. I have built on the work of many scholars, as my notes will indicate, and without their pioneering this book could not have been written.

Mildred Bennett, the first of the Cather scholars, wrote an invaluable study of places and people important in Cather's work in The World of Willa Cather (1. She was on the scene in Red Cloud and able to interview old friends and relatives. Watch Washington Square Tube Free there. Lewis's memoir, which was prepared for the use of E. K. Brown, is, of course, of immense assistance, as it was the work of a friend of more than forty years.

Brown's biography is the pioneering life, and when he died before completing his book, the very able Leon Edel finished it for him. Bernice Slote at the University of Nebraska was indefatigable in recovering and organizing Cather's fugitive essays, editing her poems and stories, and writing about her. Virginia Faulkner and the University of Nebraska Press carried out a large publishing venture in making Cather's early work available, and William Curtin, editor of The World and the Parish, two volumes of Cather's journalistic writings, is the benefactor of all Cather scholars.

Elizabeth Sergeant's memoir of her long friendship with Cather is another important contribution to Cather studies, as are the reminiscences of Ferris Greenslet, Alfred Knopf, and many others who knew her. I came to my interest in Cather in 1. I was invited to contribute a brief critical biography to a series brought out by the nowdefunct publisher Pegasus. My book, Willa Cather: Her Life and Art, appeared in 1. Brown. I was able to correct errors and add details, but my record was far from complete, and it also contained its own errors. I never planned to write another biography of Cather, but after the death in 1. Bernice Slote, who had spent nearly a lifetime gathering material for the definitive biography, I decided to return to the project, and I have been able to use her papers.

My present view of Cather does not change in any basic way the image of her contained in my earlier book. I have found no skeletons in the closet or sensational data to titillate the reader. There are, however, hundreds of new details, much fuller accounts of events in her life, new and expanded critical examinations of her works, and details of her reception.

I have tried hard to get all the facts right. I have changed many of my opinions about her life and work over the past twenty years, and these are reflected in the portrait that emerges. I also have dealt with the issues of lesbianism and sexual orientation, which interest many contemporary readers, and taken into account recent feminist criticism. I have gone into her personality, beliefs, prejudices, aspirations, loves, and hates in considerable detail.